Integration
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Integration may refer to
In sociology and economy
- Social integration Social integration, in sociology and other social sciences, is the movement of minority groups such as ethnic minorities, refugees and underprivileged sections of a society into the mainstream of society. Members of the minority groups thus gain full access to the opportunities, rights and services available to the members of the mainstream
- Racial integration Crime of apartheid · CERD · CEDAW · CDE · ILO C111 · ILO C100 · ILO C169 · Protocol No. 12 ECHR, refers to social and cultural behavior; in a legal sense, see desegregation CERD · CEDAW · CDE · ILO C111 · ILO C100 · ILO C169 · Protocol No. 12 ECHR
- Economic integration Economic integration refers to trade unification between different states by the partial or full abolishing of customs tariffs on trade taking place within the borders of each state. This is meant in turn to lead to lower prices for distributors and consumers and the goal is to increase trade. The trade stimulation effects intended by means of
- Educational integration Special education is the education of students with special needs in a way that addresses the students' individual differences and needs. Ideally, this process involves the individually planned and systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials, accessible settings, and other interventions designed to of students with disabilities
- Regional integration Regional integration is a process in which states enter into a regional agreement in order to enhance regional cooperation through regional institutions and rules. Its objectives could range from economic to politic although it has become a political economy initiative where commercial purposes are the means to achieve broader socio-political and
- Horizontal integration In microeconomics and strategic management, the term horizontal integration describes a type of ownership and control. It is a strategy used by a business or corporation that seeks to sell a type of product in numerous markets. Horizontal integration in marketing is much more common than vertical integration is in production. Horizontal and vertical integration In microeconomics and management, the term vertical integration describes a style of management control. Vertically integrated companies in a supply chain are united through a common owner. Usually each member of the supply chain produces a different product or service, and the products combine to satisfy a common need. It is contrasted with, in microeconomics and strategic management, refer to a style of ownership and control
- Integration clause In contract law, an integration clause, or merger clause is a term in the language of the contract that declares it to be the complete and final agreement between the parties. The existence of such a term is conclusive proof that no varied or additional conditions exist with respect to the performance of the contract beyond those that are in the, in a contract, a term used to declare the contract the final and complete understanding of the parties
- Integrated production
In mathematics
- Integration Integration is an important concept in mathematics and, together with differentiation, is one of the two main operations in calculus. Given a function ƒ of a real variable x and an interval [a, b] of the real line, the definite integral, in mathematics, a fundamental concept of the branch called "calculus". It is the science of calculating the areas under mathematical curves, and related procedures. (See the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus The fundamental theorem of calculus specifies the relationship between the two central operations of calculus: differentiation and integration.)
- Indefinite integration In calculus, an antiderivative, primitive or indefinite integral of a function f is a function F whose derivative is equal to f, i.e., F ′ = f. The process of solving for antiderivatives is called antidifferentiation and its opposite function is called differentiation, which is the process of finding a derivative. Antiderivatives are related to, in calculus, this refers to the process of calculating antiderivatives - the opposites of derivatives. (a.k.a. "antidifferentiation")
- In numerical analysis Numerical analysis is the study of algorithms that use numerical approximation for the problems of continuous mathematics (as distinguished from discrete mathematics) and in signal processing Signal processing is an area of electrical engineering, systems engineering, and applied mathematics that deals with operations on or analysis of signals, in either discrete or continuous time to perform useful operations on those signals. Signals of interest can include sound, images, time-varying measurement values and sensor data, for example, a time series can be "integrated" numerically by various step-by-step means, including autoregressive integrated moving average In statistics and econometrics, and in particular in time series analysis, an autoregressive integrated moving average model is a generalisation of an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. These models are fitted to time series data either to better understand the data or to predict future points in the series. They are applied in some cases and the Runge-Kutta methods.
In computer science, computer engineering, and organizational science
- software systems integration System integration is the bringing together of the component subsystems into one system and ensuring that the subsystems function together as a system. In information technology, systems integration is the process of linking together different computing systems and software applications physically or functionally, the process by which smaller units of software are combines together to form a larger system of software - sometimes a very large software system - to solve design problems
- Digital integration Digital integration is the idea that data or information on any given electronic device can be read or manipulated by another device using a standard format, in computer science, allows data from one device or software to be read by or manipulated by another, resulting sometimes in ease of use. (See also XML Extensible Markup Language is a set of rules for encoding documents in machine-readable form. It is defined in the XML 1.0 Specification produced by the W3C, and several other related specifications, all gratis open standards.)
- Enterprise application integration Enterprise Application Integration is an integration framework composed of a collection of technologies and services which form a middleware to enable integration of systems and applications across the enterprise, also called "systems integration" sometimes, is the use of software and computer systems to bring together a set of so-called "enterprise computer applications"
- Enterprise integration is a technical field of Enterprise Architecture, which has solutions for system interconnection, electronic data interchange, product data exchange, and distributed computing systems
In electronics engineering and other forms of engineering
- Integrated circuit In electronics, an integrated circuit is a miniaturized electronic circuit (consisting mainly of semiconductor devices, as well as passive components) that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material. Integrated circuits are used in almost all electronic equipment in use today and have revolutionized the, a simple to extremely-complicated electronic circuit, all components of which are manufactured in one flat piece of semiconductor material. Also called an IC or an "IC chip".
- Systems integration System integration is the bringing together of the component subsystems into one system and ensuring that the subsystems function together as a system. In information technology, systems integration is the process of linking together different computing systems and software applications physically or functionally, the engineering practices and procedures for assembling large and complicated systems from less-complicated units, especially subsystems. This kind of integration is especially prominent in electronics engineering, in electrical engineering, and in aerospace tecnologies and systems. Engineering companies that specialize in this kind of work are called "systems integrators A systems integrator is a person or company that specializes in bringing together component subsystems into a whole and ensuring that those subsystems function together, a practice known as System Integration. Systems integrators may work in many fields but the term is generally used in the information technology field, the defense industry, or in".
- In electronic signal processing Signal processing is an area of electrical engineering, systems engineering, and applied mathematics that deals with operations on or analysis of signals, in either discrete or continuous time to perform useful operations on those signals. Signals of interest can include sound, images, time-varying measurement values and sensor data, for example, radars, sonars, and astronomy, integration is the process of taking multiple copies of a weak signal - one that is obscured by additive noise - and adding them together to form detectable signals. The actual signals tend to add together in a productive way, whereas the noise tends to cancel out to a significant degree. This method was used to detect the first radar signals reflected off the Moon in 1946. Special vacuum tubes called "integration tubes" were devised and used in radar systems.
In biology
- Pre-integration complex, or retroviral integration
See also
- Disintegration
- Integral (disambiguation)
- Interdisciplinarity An interdisciplinary field is a field of study that crosses traditional boundaries between academic disciplines or schools of thought, as new needs and professions have emerged
- Integrity Integrity is a concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations and outcomes. In western ethics, integrity is regarded as the quality of having an intuitive sense of honesty and truthfulness in regard to the motivations for one's actions.[citation needed] Integrity can be regarded as the opposite of hypocrisy,
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